Thunderbolt 3, 4, and 5, USB-C, and USB4 may share similar physical attributes, but they operate on distinct protocols, each serving different purposes. Here's a breakdown of the key differences and considerations:
USB-C Connector
USB-C is a versatile connector type used across various USB protocols, including USB 2.0, 3.1, and 3.2. While USB-C has become the industry standard, the connector itself does not determine the protocol being used.
It's important to note that despite the physical similarities, Thunderbolt 3, 4, and 5 devices will not work with standard USB-C cables that only support USB 2.0, 3.1, and 3.2 protocols. Below is an image of a typical USB-C connector for reference.
USB4
USB4 is a new protocol that also uses USB-C connectors and is backward compatible with USB 2.0, 3.1, and 3.2 protocols. Additionally, USB4 has optional backward compatibility with Thunderbolt 3, meaning users with USB4 ports should check with their motherboard manufacturer to verify Thunderbolt 3 support.
USB4 Technical Specifications:
USB4 Gen 2x2
Data Transfer Speed: Up to 20 Gbps
Power Delivery: Up to 240W
Cable: Standard USB-C cable (as shown above)
USB4 Gen 3x2
Data Transfer Speed: Up to 40 Gbps
Power Delivery: Up to 240W
Cable: Requires a certified USB4 40 Gbps cable. These are typically labeled "USB4 40 Gbps" and may also display the Thunderbolt logo if dual-compatible.
Thunderbolt Connector
Thunderbolt 3, 4, and 5 use the USB-C connector but can be identified by specific markings:
Thunderbolt 3 and 4: These cables feature the Thunderbolt lightning symbol on the connector.
Thunderbolt 5: These cables are marked with the number "5" to distinguish them from earlier versions.
Port Distinction
When identifying ports on your computer, it's essential to distinguish between USB-C and Thunderbolt-enabled USB-C ports:
Thunderbolt-enabled ports: Typically marked by the lightning symbol. However, newer Mac computers may lack this visual distinction, as all their USB-C ports support Thunderbolt.
Standard USB-C ports: Support only USB 2.0, 3.1, or 3.2 protocols and are incompatible with Thunderbolt devices.
General Rules for Antelope Audio Devices
Antelope Devices with USB-C Ports
These devices can interface with Thunderbolt 3 or 4 cables when used as USB devices, utilizing Antelope's USB drivers for connectivity.
Antelope Devices with Thunderbolt 3 Ports
These devices cannot function with standard USB-C cables (supporting USB 2.0, 3.1, and 3.2 protocols). For proper operation, you must use Thunderbolt-specific cables.
If your computer has a USB4 port, check with the motherboard manufacturer to confirm Thunderbolt 3 compatibility.
Exception: Orion 32+ Gen4
The Antelope Audio Orion 32+ Gen4 is a partial exception to the above rules. Although it features a Thunderbolt 3 port, it can also connect to a computer via a standard USB-C cable. In this configuration, the Orion operates as a USB device but with a reduced number of available I/O channels.
For further insights into Thunderbolt technology, including bandwidth specifications and use cases, refer to authoritative sources such as Thunderbolt Technology.
Understanding these nuances ensures proper compatibility and optimal performance when integrating Antelope devices with Thunderbolt and USB-C connections in your setup.
